Acid Base Electrolytes

Osmolal Gap is the difference between measured serum osmolality and calculated serum osmolality.It is typically calculated as: OG = measured serum osmolality - (2 X serum sodium + serum glucose + serum urea)Where: * 2 X serum sodium + serum glucose + serum urea = the calculated serum osmolality and all measures are in mmol/L. * OG = osmolal gapIn US customary units the … [Read more...] about Osmolal Gap

Blood has a lot of CationsBlood has a lot of AnionsTotal charge of Anions = Total Charge of CationsSoNa + K + Unmeasured Cations = HCO3 + Cl + unmeasured AnionsRearrangingNa + K - (HCO3 + Cl) = Unmeasured Anions - Unmeasured CationsAnion Gap = Unmeasured Anions - Unmeasured CationsAnion Gap = (Na + K) - (HCO3 + Cl)Note that some books ignore the value of Calcium and calculate … [Read more...] about Anion Gap HAGMA LAGMA and NAGMA !!!